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The
voivodeship or
province (
Polish language:
województwo) has been a second-level administrative unit in Poland since the 14th century. Pursuant to the Local Government Reorganization Act of
1998, effective January 1,
1999, 16 new provinces were created, replacing the former 49 provinces that had existed from
July 1,
1975.
Today's provinces ("voivodeships") are largely based on the country's historic regions, whereas those of 1975-1998 had been centered on and named for individual cities. The new units range in area from under 10,000 km² (Opole Voivodeship) to over 35,000 km² (Masovian Voivodeship), and in population from one million (Lubusz Voivodeship) to over five million (Masovian Voivodeship). Voivodeships are governed by voivod governments, and their legislatures are called
voivodeship sejmiks.
Some sources, especially in historic contexts, speak of "count palatines" rather than "voivodeships."
Poland's voivodeships since
1999
{||cellspacing=0 style="empty-cells: show; border: solid 1px; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left;" border=1|----- bgcolor="#efefef"| colspan=8 align="center" style="background:#FFFFFF text-align: center; padding: 1em;"| |- style="background:#efefef" align="center"| colspan=8 align="center" |
Polish voivodeships since 1999|- style="background:#efefef" align="center"! Abbreviation!
TERYT! Polish car number plates! Voivodeship! Capital! Area
km²! Population
(December 31, 2003)! Population
(
June 30,
2004)]|
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (
dolnośląskie)| Wrocław| [Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (
kujawsko-pomorskie)| Bydgoszcz
¹Toruń
²]|
Lublin Voivodeship (
lubelskie)|
Lublin| [Lubusz Voivodeship (
lubuskie)|
Gorzów Wielkopolski¹Zielona Góra
²]| Łódź Voivodeship (
łódzkie)|
Łódź| [Lesser Poland Voivodeship (
małopolskie)|
Kraków| [Masovian Voivodeship (
mazowieckie)| Warsaw| [Opole Voivodeship (
opolskie)| Opole| [Subcarpathian Voivodeship (
podkarpackie)|
Rzeszów| [Podlachian Voivodeship (
podlaskie)| Białystok| [Pomeranian Voivodeship (
pomorskie)|
Gdańsk| [Silesian Voivodeship (
śląskie)| Katowice| [Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship| Kielce| [Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (
warmińsko-mazurskie)| Olsztyn| [Greater Poland Voivodeship (
wielkopolskie)| Poznań| [West Pomeranian Voivodeship (
zachodniopomorskie)| [Szczecin|-|}
Voivodeships are combined into bigger regions, which are used for statistical reports.
- REGION I: 7.7 million inhabitants, Gross domestic product per capita 50.5% EU average
- REGION II: 8.0 million inhabitants, GDP per capita 39.5% EU average
- REGION III: 6.8 million inhabitants, GDP per capita 28.1% EU average
- REGION IV: 6.1 million inhabitants, GDP per capita 39.5% EU average
- REGION V: 4.0 million inhabitants, GDP per capita 38.3% EU average
- REGION VI: 5.7 million inhabitants, GDP per capita 35.0% EU average
:
See also:
- Administrative division of Poland (from Commission on Standardization of Geographical Names Outside Poland web-side, in English)
- Official map by Head Office of Geodesy an Cartography
Poland's voivodeships 1975-1998 (49 voivodeships)
(since 1989, the Third Polish Republic, see also Administrative division of People's Republic of Poland)This reorganization of administrative division of Poland was mainly a result of local government reform acts of
1973-
1975. In place of the three-level administrative division (voivodeship, county, commune), a new two-level administrative division was introduced (49 small voivodeships, and communes). The three smallest voivodeships – Warsaw, Kraków and Łódź – had the special status of municipal voivodeship; the city president (mayor) was also provincial governor.
{]| align="left"| Biała Podlaska| align="left"| [Białystok| align="left"| [Bielsko-Biała| align="left"| [Bydgoszcz| align="left"| [Chełm| align="left"| [Ciechanów| align="left"| [Częstochowa| align="left"| [Elbląg| align="left"| [Gdańsk| align="left"| [Gorzów Wielkopolski| align="left"| [Jelenia Góra| align="left"| [Kalisz| align="left"| [Katowice| align="left"| [Kielce| align="left"| [Konin| align="left"| [Koszalin| align="left"| [Kraków| align="left"| [Krosno| align="left"| [Legnica| align="left"| [Leszno| align="left"| [Lublin| align="left"| [Łomża| align="left"| [Łódź| align="left"| [Nowy Sącz| align="left"| [Olsztyn| align="left"| [Opole| align="left"| [Ostrołęka| align="left"| [Piła| align="left"| [Piotrków Trybunalski| align="left"| [Płock| align="left"| [Poznań| align="left"| [Przemyśl| align="left"| [Radom| align="left"| [Rzeszów| align="left"| [Siedlce| align="left"| [Sieradz| align="left"| [Skierniewice| align="left"| [Słupsk| align="left"| [Suwałki| align="left"| [Szczecin| align="left"| [Tarnobrzeg| align="left"| [Tarnów| align="left"| [Toruń| align="left"| [Walbrzych| 4 168| 716 100| 31| 30|-| wa| align="left"| [Warsaw Voivodeship | 3 788| 2 319 100| 27| 32|-| wl| align="left"| [Włocławek Voivodeship | 4 402| 413 400| 14| 30|-| wr| align="left"| [Wrocław Voivodeship | 6 287| 1 076 200| 16| 33|-| za| align="left"| [Zamość Voivodeship | 6 980| 472 100| 5| 47|-| zg| align="left"| [Zielona Góra Voivodeship | 8 868| 609 200| 26| 50|-|}
Poland's voivodeships
1945-1975 (14+2 voivodeships, then 17+5)
People's Republic of PolandAfter World War II, the new administrative division of the country was based on the prewar one. The areas in the east that had not been Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union had their borders left almost unchanged. The Recovered Territories in the west and north were organized into the voivodeships of
Szczecin Voivodeship,
Wrocław Voivodeship and Olsztyn Voivodeship, and partly joined to Gdansk Voivodeship, Katowice Voivodeship and Poznań Voivodeship voivodeships. Two cities were granted voivodeship status: Warsaw and
Łódź.
In 1950, new voivodeships were created: Koszalin Voivodeship (previously part of Szczecin Voivodeship), Opole Voivodeship (previously part of
Katowice Voivodeship), and Zielona Góra Voivodeship (previously part of
Poznań Voivodeship,
Wrocław Voivodeship and
Szczecin Voivodeship voivodeships). In addition, three more cities were granted voivodeship status: Wrocław,
Kraków and Poznań.
{]s
(since 1956)! Voivodeship! Capital! Area
km² (1965)! Population
(1965)|-| A| align="left"|
Białystok Voivodeship| align="left"| Białystok| align="left"| [Bydgoszcz| align="left"| [Gdańsk| align="left"| [Katowice| align="left"| [Kielce ¹| align="left"| [Koszalin| align="left"| [Kraków| align="left"| [Łódź| align="left"| [Lublin| align="left"| [Olsztyn ¹| align="left"| [Opole| align="left"| [Poznań| align="left"| [Rzeszów| align="left"| [Szczecin| align="left"| [Warsaw| align="left"| [Wrocław ¹| align="left"| [Zielona Góras
(since 1956)! colspan="2"| Separate city! Area
km² (1965)! Population
(1965)|-| I| colspan="2" align="left"| [Łódź| 446| 1 252 600|-| ?| colspan="2" align="left"| [Kraków ²] ²| 220| 438 200|-| ?| colspan="2" align="left"|
Wrocław ²]; ² - cities separated in 1957|-|}
Poland's voivodeships
1921-1939 (15+1 voivodeships +1 Autonomous - Silesian)
{||cellspacing=0 style="empty-cells: show; border: solid 1px; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center;" border=1 width="500px"|----- bgcolor="#efefef"| colspan=6 align="center" |
Polish voivodeships in the interbellum
(data as per April 1, 1937)]
(since 1937)! Voivodeship
Separate city! Capital! Area
in 1000 km² (1930)! Population
in 1000 (1931)|-| 00-19| align="left"| City of Warsaw| align="left"| [Warsaw| align="left"| [Białystok| align="left"| [Kielce| align="left"| [Kraków| align="left"| [Lublin| align="left"| [Lwów| align="left"| [Łódź| align="left"| [Nowogródek| align="left"| [Brest-Litovsk| 36,7| 1132,2|-| 60-64| align="left"| Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919-1939)| align="left"| Toruń| align="left"| [Poznań| align="left"| [Stanisławów| align="left"| [Katowice| align="left"| [Tarnopol| align="left"| [Wilno| align="left"| [Lutsk| 35,7| 2085,6|-|}
Voivodeships in the
Congress Poland 1816-
1837
From 1816 to 1837 there were 8 voivodeships in the
Congress Poland.
Voivodeships in the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569-1795
").image:Irp.jpg
Greater Poland (
Wielkopolska)
- Poznań Voivodeship (województwo poznańskie, Poznań)
- Kalisz Voivodeship (województwo kaliskie, Kalisz)
- Gniezno Voivodeship (województwo gnieźnieńskie, Gniezno) from 1768
- Sieradz Voivodeship (województwo sieradzkie, Sieradz)
- Łęczyca Voivodeship (województwo łęczyckie, Łęczyca)
- Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship (województwo brzesko-kujawskie, Brześć Kujawski)
- Inowrocław Voivodeship (województwo inowrocławskie, Inowrocław)
- Chełmno Voivodeship (województwo chełmińskie, Chełmno)
- Malbork Voivodeship (województwo malborskie, Malbork)
- Pomeranian Voivodeship (województwo pomorskie, Gdańsk)
- Warmia (Księstwo Warmińskie, Lidzbark Warmiński)
- Duchy of Prussia (Księstwo Pruskie, Lidzbark Warmiński)
- Płock Voivodeship (województwo płockie, Płock)
- Rawa Voivodeship (województwo rawskie, Rawa Mazowiecka)
- Masovian Voivodeship (województwo mazowieckie, Warsaw)
Lesser Poland (
Małopolska)
- Kraków Voivodeship (województwo krakowskie, Kraków)
- Sandomierz Voivodeship (województwo sandomierskie, Sandomierz)
- Lublin Voivodeship (województwo lubelskie, Lublin)
- Podlachian Voivodeship (województwo podlaskie, Drohiczyn)
- Ruthenian Voivodeship (województwo ruskie, Lwów)
- Bełz Voivodeship (województwo belzkie, Bełz)
- Wołyń Voivodeship (1569–1795) (województwo wołyńskie, Łuck)
- Podole Voivodeship (województwo podolskie, Kamieniec Podolski)
- Bracław Voivodeship (województwo bracławskie, Bracław)
- Kijów Voivodeship (województwo kijowskie, Kijów)
- Czernihów Voivodeship (województwo czernichowskie, Chernihiv)
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Here the first name given is English, then in brackets - Lithuanian, and then Polish.
- Wilno Voivodeship (Vilniaus vaivadija, województwo wileńskie, Vilnius)
- Troki Voivodeship (Trakų vaivadija, województwo trockie, Trakai)
- Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507-1795) (Naugarduko vaivadija, województwo nowogrodzkie, Nowogródek)
- Brest-Litovsk Voivodeship (Lietuvos Brastos vaivadija, województwo brzesko-litewskie, Brest-Litovsk)
- Minsk Voivodeship (Minsko vaivadija, województwo mińskie, Minsk)
- Mścisław Voivodeship (Mstslavlio vaivadija, województwo mścisławskie, Mscislaw)
- Smolensk Voivodeship (Smolensko vaivadija, województwo smoleńskie, Smolensk)
- Vitebsk Voivodeship (Vitebsko vaivadija, województwo witebskie, Witebsk)
- Połock Voivodeship (Polocko vaivadija, województwo połockie, Polatsk)
- Eldership of Samogitia (Žemaičių seniūnija, księstwo żmudzkie, Medininkai-Varniai)
Duchy of Livonia
- Wenden Voivodeship (województwo wendeńskie, Cēsis) since 1598 till the 1620s
- Dorpat Voivodeship (województwo dorpackie, Tartu) since 1598 till the 1620s
- Parnawa Voivodeship (województwo parnawskie, Pärnu) since 1598 till the 1620s
- Livonian Voivodeship (województwo inflanckie, Dyneburg) since the 1620s
- Courland (księstwo Kurlandii i Semigalii, Jelgava)
Etymology and usage of "voivodeship"
The
Poland term
województwo, designating a second-level Polish or Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth administrative unit, derives from "
wojewoda" (etymologically, "war leader," but now used only for the governor of a
województwo) and the suffix "
-ztwo (a "state or condition").
As a second-level administrative unit,
województwo is often rendered in English as "province," the term that is used for such units in most countries of the world.
According to the
Oxford English Dictionary, the word
voivodeship appeared in English for the first time in 1792, spelled
woiwodship, in the sense of "the district or province governed by a voivode." The word subsequently also appeared, for the first time in
1886, in the sense of "the office or dignity of a voivode."
The presence of a word in the
Oxford English Dictionary attests to nothing but the word's use on at least one occasion in the history of the English language.
The English word "voivodeship," which is a
hybrid word of
voivode and
-ship (a suffix likewise meaning a "state or condition") that replicates those two elements found in the Polish original, has never been much used in English. The 2,478-page
Random House Dictionary of the English Language, second edition, unabridged (1987), while including "voivode," does not list or otherwise refer to "voivodeship." It is not an acceptable word in the official
Scrabble dictionary, and has never been used in the New York Times crossword puzzle.
Of Polish-English, English-Polish dictionaries, Jan Stanisławski's
Great Polish-English Dictionary, 5th edition (1977), translates
województwo as "province" or the "office" of a
wojewoda. The English-to-Polish volume includes "voivode" but does not even list "voivodeship."
Similarly the
Kościuszko Foundation Dictionary translates
województwo as "province" or "
the administration" of such — not as "voivodeship." The English-to-Polish volume lists
neither "voivode" nor "voivodeship." In the latter volume,
wojewoda appears as one of three synonyms for the English word, "governor."
In light of the foregoing, some have questioned the appropriateness of "voivodeship," rather than "province," as the English
dynamic and formal equivalence of
województwo; and of "voivode," rather than "governor," as the equivalent of
wojewoda.
The chief impediment to the systematic rendering of
województwo" as "
province" seems to be the fear, in some quarters, that it will cause confusion with the pre–
Partitions of Poland use of the Polish cognate terminology "
prowincja" to designate the three major subdivisions of the Commonwealth —
Greater Poland,
Lesser Poland, and Lithuania. That objection is, however, easily overcome by rendering "
prowincja," in that context, by the English word, "
Region."
See also
External links
The
voivodeship or
province (Polish language:
województwo) has been a second-level administrative unit in
Poland since the
14th century. Pursuant to the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998, effective
January 1,
1999, 16 new provinces were created, replacing the former 49 provinces that had existed from July 1, 1975.
Today's provinces ("voivodeships") are largely based on the country's historic regions, whereas those of
1975-1998 had been centered on and named for individual cities. The new units range in area from under 10,000 km² (Opole Voivodeship) to over 35,000 km² (Masovian Voivodeship), and in population from one million (Lubusz Voivodeship) to over five million (Masovian Voivodeship). Voivodeships are governed by voivod governments, and their legislatures are called voivodeship sejmiks.
Some sources, especially in historic contexts, speak of "count palatines" rather than "voivodeships."
Poland's voivodeships since 1999
{||cellspacing=0 style="empty-cells: show; border: solid 1px; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left;" border=1|----- bgcolor="#efefef"| colspan=8 align="center" style="background:#FFFFFF text-align: center; padding: 1em;"| |- style="background:#efefef" align="center"| colspan=8 align="center" |
Polish voivodeships since 1999|- style="background:#efefef" align="center"! Abbreviation! TERYT!
Polish car number plates! Voivodeship! Capital! Area
km²! Population
(
December 31, 2003)! Population
(
June 30, 2004)]| Lower Silesian Voivodeship (
dolnośląskie)| Wrocław| [Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (
kujawsko-pomorskie)| Bydgoszcz
¹Toruń
²]| Lublin Voivodeship (
lubelskie)| Lublin| [Lubusz Voivodeship (
lubuskie)|
Gorzów Wielkopolski¹Zielona Góra²]| Łódź Voivodeship (
łódzkie)| Łódź| [Lesser Poland Voivodeship (
małopolskie)| Kraków| [Masovian Voivodeship (
mazowieckie)| Warsaw| [Opole Voivodeship (
opolskie)| Opole| [Subcarpathian Voivodeship (
podkarpackie)| Rzeszów| [Podlachian Voivodeship (
podlaskie)|
Białystok| [Pomeranian Voivodeship (
pomorskie)|
Gdańsk| [Silesian Voivodeship (
śląskie)|
Katowice| [Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship| Kielce| [Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (
warmińsko-mazurskie)|
Olsztyn| [Greater Poland Voivodeship (
wielkopolskie)| Poznań| [West Pomeranian Voivodeship (
zachodniopomorskie)| [Szczecin|-|}
Voivodeships are combined into bigger regions, which are used for statistical reports.
- REGION I: 7.7 million inhabitants, Gross domestic product per capita 50.5% EU average
- Masovian Voivodeship (Mazowieckie, MA)
- Łódź Voivodeship (Łódzkie, LD)
- REGION II: 8.0 million inhabitants, GDP per capita 39.5% EU average
- REGION III: 6.8 million inhabitants, GDP per capita 28.1% EU average
- Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Świętokrzyskie, SW)
- Subcarpathian Voivodeship (Podkarpackie, PK)
- Podlachian Voivodeship (Podlaskie, PD)
- Lublin Voivodeship (Lubelskie, LU)
- REGION IV: 6.1 million inhabitants, GDP per capita 39.5% EU average
- Greater Poland Voivodeship (Wielkopolskie, WP)
- Lubusz Voivodeship (Lubuskie, LB)
- West Pomeranian Voivodeship (Zachodniopomorskie, ZP)
- REGION V: 4.0 million inhabitants, GDP per capita 38.3% EU average
- REGION VI: 5.7 million inhabitants, GDP per capita 35.0% EU average
:
See also:
- Map of Polish Regions
- List of counties in Poland by voivodeships
- Administrative division of Poland (from Commission on Standardization of Geographical Names Outside Poland web-side, in English)
- Official map by Head Office of Geodesy an Cartography
Poland's voivodeships 1975-1998 (49 voivodeships)
(since 1989, the Third Polish Republic, see also Administrative division of People's Republic of Poland)This reorganization of administrative division of Poland was mainly a result of local government reform acts of
1973-
1975. In place of the three-level administrative division (voivodeship, county, commune), a new two-level administrative division was introduced (49 small voivodeships, and communes). The three smallest voivodeships –
Warsaw,
Kraków and
Łódź – had the special status of municipal voivodeship; the city president (mayor) was also provincial governor.
{]| align="left"| Biała Podlaska| align="left"| [Białystok| align="left"| [Bielsko-Biała| align="left"| [Bydgoszcz| align="left"| [Chełm| align="left"| [Ciechanów| align="left"| [Częstochowa| align="left"| [Elbląg| align="left"| [Gdańsk| align="left"| [Gorzów Wielkopolski| align="left"| [Jelenia Góra| align="left"| [Kalisz| align="left"| [Katowice| align="left"| [Kielce| align="left"| [Konin| align="left"| [Koszalin| align="left"| [Kraków| align="left"| [Krosno| align="left"| [Legnica| align="left"| [Leszno| align="left"| [Lublin| align="left"| [Łomża| align="left"| [Łódź| align="left"| [Nowy Sącz| align="left"| [Olsztyn| align="left"| [Opole| align="left"| [Ostrołęka| align="left"| [Piła| align="left"| [Piotrków Trybunalski| align="left"| [Płock| align="left"| [Poznań| align="left"| [Przemyśl| align="left"| [Radom| align="left"| [Rzeszów| align="left"| [Siedlce| align="left"| [Sieradz| align="left"| [Skierniewice| align="left"| [Słupsk| align="left"| [Suwałki| align="left"| [Szczecin| align="left"| [Tarnobrzeg| align="left"| [Tarnów| align="left"| [Toruń| align="left"| [Walbrzych| 4 168| 716 100| 31| 30|-| wa| align="left"| [Warsaw Voivodeship | 3 788| 2 319 100| 27| 32|-| wl| align="left"| [Włocławek Voivodeship | 4 402| 413 400| 14| 30|-| wr| align="left"| [Wrocław Voivodeship | 6 287| 1 076 200| 16| 33|-| za| align="left"| [Zamość Voivodeship | 6 980| 472 100| 5| 47|-| zg| align="left"| [Zielona Góra Voivodeship | 8 868| 609 200| 26| 50|-|}
Poland's voivodeships
1945-1975 (14+2 voivodeships, then 17+5)
People's Republic of PolandAfter World War II, the new administrative division of the country was based on the prewar one. The areas in the east that had not been Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union had their borders left almost unchanged. The
Recovered Territories in the west and north were organized into the voivodeships of
Szczecin Voivodeship, Wrocław Voivodeship and Olsztyn Voivodeship, and partly joined to
Gdansk Voivodeship,
Katowice Voivodeship and
Poznań Voivodeship voivodeships. Two cities were granted voivodeship status:
Warsaw and
Łódź.
In
1950, new voivodeships were created: Koszalin Voivodeship (previously part of
Szczecin Voivodeship), Opole Voivodeship (previously part of
Katowice Voivodeship), and
Zielona Góra Voivodeship (previously part of Poznań Voivodeship,
Wrocław Voivodeship and Szczecin Voivodeship voivodeships). In addition, three more cities were granted voivodeship status:
Wrocław, Kraków and
Poznań.
{]s
(since 1956)! Voivodeship! Capital! Area
km² (1965)! Population
(1965)|-| A| align="left"| Białystok Voivodeship| align="left"|
Białystok| align="left"| [Bydgoszcz| align="left"| [Gdańsk| align="left"| [Katowice| align="left"| [Kielce ¹| align="left"| [Koszalin| align="left"| [Kraków| align="left"| [Łódź| align="left"| [Lublin| align="left"| [Olsztyn ¹| align="left"| [Opole| align="left"| [Poznań| align="left"| [Rzeszów| align="left"| [Szczecin| align="left"| [Warsaw| align="left"| [Wrocław ¹| align="left"| [Zielona Góras
(since 1956)! colspan="2"| Separate city! Area
km² (1965)! Population
(1965)|-| I| colspan="2" align="left"| [Łódź| 446| 1 252 600|-| ?| colspan="2" align="left"| [Kraków ²] ²| 220| 438 200|-| ?| colspan="2" align="left"|
Wrocław ²]; ² - cities separated in 1957|-|}
Poland's voivodeships 1921-
1939 (15+1 voivodeships +1 Autonomous - Silesian)
{||cellspacing=0 style="empty-cells: show; border: solid 1px; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center;" border=1 width="500px"|----- bgcolor="#efefef"| colspan=6 align="center" |
Polish voivodeships in the interbellum
(data as per April 1, 1937)]
(since 1937)! Voivodeship
Separate city! Capital! Area
in 1000 km² (1930)! Population
in 1000 (1931)|-| 00-19| align="left"| City of Warsaw| align="left"| [Warsaw| align="left"| [Białystok| align="left"| [Kielce| align="left"| [Kraków| align="left"| [Lublin| align="left"| [Lwów| align="left"| [Łódź| align="left"| [Nowogródek| align="left"| [Brest-Litovsk| 36,7| 1132,2|-| 60-64| align="left"|
Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919-1939)| align="left"|
Toruń| align="left"| [Poznań| align="left"| [Stanisławów| align="left"| [Katowice| align="left"| [Tarnopol| align="left"| [Wilno| align="left"| [Lutsk| 35,7| 2085,6|-|}
Voivodeships in the Congress Poland 1816-1837
From 1816 to 1837 there were 8 voivodeships in the Congress Poland.
Voivodeships in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1569-
1795
").
image:Irp.jpg
Greater Poland (
Wielkopolska)
- Poznań Voivodeship (województwo poznańskie, Poznań)
- Kalisz Voivodeship (województwo kaliskie, Kalisz)
- Gniezno Voivodeship (województwo gnieźnieńskie, Gniezno) from 1768
- Sieradz Voivodeship (województwo sieradzkie, Sieradz)
- Łęczyca Voivodeship (województwo łęczyckie, Łęczyca)
- Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship (województwo brzesko-kujawskie, Brześć Kujawski)
- Inowrocław Voivodeship (województwo inowrocławskie, Inowrocław)
- Chełmno Voivodeship (województwo chełmińskie, Chełmno)
- Malbork Voivodeship (województwo malborskie, Malbork)
- Pomeranian Voivodeship (województwo pomorskie, Gdańsk)
- Warmia (Księstwo Warmińskie, Lidzbark Warmiński)
- Duchy of Prussia (Księstwo Pruskie, Lidzbark Warmiński)
- Płock Voivodeship (województwo płockie, Płock)
- Rawa Voivodeship (województwo rawskie, Rawa Mazowiecka)
- Masovian Voivodeship (województwo mazowieckie, Warsaw)
Lesser Poland (
Małopolska)
- Kraków Voivodeship (województwo krakowskie, Kraków)
- Sandomierz Voivodeship (województwo sandomierskie, Sandomierz)
- Lublin Voivodeship (województwo lubelskie, Lublin)
- Podlachian Voivodeship (województwo podlaskie, Drohiczyn)
- Ruthenian Voivodeship (województwo ruskie, Lwów)
- Bełz Voivodeship (województwo belzkie, Bełz)
- Wołyń Voivodeship (1569–1795) (województwo wołyńskie, Łuck)
- Podole Voivodeship (województwo podolskie, Kamieniec Podolski)
- Bracław Voivodeship (województwo bracławskie, Bracław)
- Kijów Voivodeship (województwo kijowskie, Kijów)
- Czernihów Voivodeship (województwo czernichowskie, Chernihiv)
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Here the first name given is English, then in brackets - Lithuanian, and then Polish.
- Wilno Voivodeship (Vilniaus vaivadija, województwo wileńskie, Vilnius)
- Troki Voivodeship (Trakų vaivadija, województwo trockie, Trakai)
- Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507-1795) (Naugarduko vaivadija, województwo nowogrodzkie, Nowogródek)
- Brest-Litovsk Voivodeship (Lietuvos Brastos vaivadija, województwo brzesko-litewskie, Brest-Litovsk)
- Minsk Voivodeship (Minsko vaivadija, województwo mińskie, Minsk)
- Mścisław Voivodeship (Mstslavlio vaivadija, województwo mścisławskie, Mscislaw)
- Smolensk Voivodeship (Smolensko vaivadija, województwo smoleńskie, Smolensk)
- Vitebsk Voivodeship (Vitebsko vaivadija, województwo witebskie, Witebsk)
- Połock Voivodeship (Polocko vaivadija, województwo połockie, Polatsk)
- Eldership of Samogitia (Žemaičių seniūnija, księstwo żmudzkie, Medininkai-Varniai)
Duchy of Livonia
- Wenden Voivodeship (województwo wendeńskie, Cēsis) since 1598 till the 1620s
- Dorpat Voivodeship (województwo dorpackie, Tartu) since 1598 till the 1620s
- Parnawa Voivodeship (województwo parnawskie, Pärnu) since 1598 till the 1620s
- Livonian Voivodeship (województwo inflanckie, Dyneburg) since the 1620s
- Courland (księstwo Kurlandii i Semigalii, Jelgava)
Etymology and usage of "voivodeship"
The Poland term
województwo, designating a second-level Polish or Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth administrative unit, derives from "
wojewoda" (etymologically, "war leader," but now used only for the
governor of a
województwo) and the suffix "
-ztwo (a "state or condition").
As a second-level administrative unit,
województwo is often rendered in English as "
province," the term that is used for such units in most countries of the world.
According to the
Oxford English Dictionary, the word
voivodeship appeared in English for the first time in
1792, spelled
woiwodship, in the sense of "the district or province governed by a voivode." The word subsequently also appeared, for the first time in
1886, in the sense of "the office or dignity of a voivode."
The presence of a word in the
Oxford English Dictionary attests to nothing but the word's use on at least one occasion in the history of the English language.
The English word "voivodeship," which is a
hybrid word of
voivode and
-ship (a suffix likewise meaning a "state or condition") that replicates those two elements found in the Polish original, has never been much used in English. The 2,478-page
Random House Dictionary of the English Language, second edition, unabridged (1987), while including "voivode," does not list or otherwise refer to "voivodeship." It is not an acceptable word in the official Scrabble dictionary, and has never been used in the New York Times
crossword puzzle.
Of Polish-English, English-Polish dictionaries,
Jan Stanisławski's
Great Polish-English Dictionary, 5th edition (1977), translates
województwo as "province" or the "office" of a
wojewoda. The English-to-Polish volume includes "voivode" but does not even list "voivodeship."
Similarly the
Kościuszko Foundation Dictionary translates
województwo as "province" or "
the administration" of such — not as "voivodeship." The English-to-Polish volume lists
neither "voivode" nor "voivodeship." In the latter volume,
wojewoda appears as one of three synonyms for the English word, "governor."
In light of the foregoing, some have questioned the appropriateness of "voivodeship," rather than "province," as the English dynamic and formal equivalence of
województwo; and of "voivode," rather than "governor," as the equivalent of
wojewoda.
The chief impediment to the systematic rendering of
województwo" as "province" seems to be the fear, in some quarters, that it will cause confusion with the pre–Partitions of Poland use of the Polish cognate
terminology "
prowincja" to designate the three major subdivisions of the Commonwealth — Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, and
Lithuania. That objection is, however, easily overcome by rendering "
prowincja," in that context, by the English word, "
Region."
See also
- Flags of Polish voivodeships
External links
Category:Voivodeships of Poland - Wikimedia Commons
Pages in category "Voivodeships of Poland" This category contains only the following page. Województwa w Polsce
Category:Former voivodeships of Poland (1975–1998) - Wikimedia ...
This page was last modified 12:00, 22 August 2007. Text is available under GNU Free Documentation License. Wikimedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc ...
Voivodeships of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The voivodeship or province (Polish: województwo) has been a high-level administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century. Pursuant to the Local Government ...
Template:Voivodeships of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Union of the Voivodeships of the Republic of Poland - History of the ...
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Template:Voivodeships of Poland - Genealogy
This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Template:Voivodeships of Poland. The list of authors can be seen in the page history.
Committee of the Regions
Poland Head of Delegation . Mr Marek Wozniak, Marshal of the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship List of Members Full . Mr Mieczyslaw Teodorczyk, Union of the Voivodeships of the Republic of ...
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From the Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can change
Category:Voivodeships of Poland - Simple English Wikipedia, the free ...
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Mapper - Products
Pack Poland contains maps and statistic data of the voivodeships and provinces of the Poland. Loading this pack to Maper, allows you to: design and realign your own territories ...
